Washington University in St. Louis

Understanding how alternating current (AC) signals propagate through soft tissue is essential for optimizing implantable neurostimulation systems. This study quantifies frequency- and depth-dependent attenuation of AC signals transmitted through ex vivo porcine skin using inductive volume coupling and an implanted Schottky diode circuit. Signals at 50 kHz, 500 kHz, and 1 MHz were delivered through…

Endovascular procedures require controlled guidewire manipulation, however, current torque devices are often manual, causing inconsistent rotation, slippage, and operator fatigue [1]. There exists a clinical need for improved torque precision, reduced hand fatigue, and safer wire handling, as established via surgeon surveys and stakeholder interviews. More than a million endovascular procedures are performed annually, and…